Sunday, 27 March 2011

Ron Mueck's sculpture and Humanism

I was very lucky to be able to see Ron Muecks’ Sculpture’s at the Christchurch Art Gallery last December. It was so impressive. When I first saw his work, I immediately thought "How can they be so real!" It’s hard to believe that his sculptures are modeled and not cast from life. At first I can't imagine how these works are made. Like other visitors, I was so curious about what material he used. I wanted to touch the sculpture to see if it's real or not, but touching was not allowed. For this reason the gallery offered a small piece of material that visitors were able to touch and feel. While seeing many of his works displayed in the gallery, it was interesting and important to watch the video which recorded the whole working process of some of his sculptures. I can't help thinking how smart he is and how amazing the works are.

Hyper-real means “involving or characterized by particularly realistic graphic representation”. "His massive, hyperreal figures are obsessively detailed, down to every pore and wrinkle." (Pescovitz, D.2010) Human hair is used for the small-scale figures and coarser horse hair or acrylic fibre is used for the larger than life-size figures. All the hairs were attached to pores by clip individually.

He uses all the properties of figurative sculpture (pose, gesture, facial expression, scale and realism) to elicit an empathetic, emotional response from us. (Hartley, 2006) They are all extraordinarily lifelike figures but none of them are life-size, “sometimes colossal, sometimes miniature, which resonate with deep emotion”. (Amor, P., Trudgeon, M. & Cradwick, C. ,2010)

They invite touch as much as looking, and in subverting our expectations about scale, he distances himself from traditional photorealist sculptors like Duane Hanson and pushes us into the more uncomfortable zones of the human condition. (Landi, 2009).

Smaller than life size sculpture:
Dead Dad (1996-97) 20x38x102cm
A smaller than life-size sculpture of the artist's dead father will be displayed on its own "in a shrinelike environment". (Sharpe, 2010).
    Two women 2005 82.6 x 48.7 x 41.5 cm

Drift 2009 118 x 96 x 21 cm
Youth 2009 65 x 28 x 16 cm

Larger than life size sculpture:
A girl 2006 110.5 x 501.0 x 134.5 cm
Still life 2009 215 x 89 x 50 cm

Wild man 2005   285 x 162 x 108 cm
In bed 2005 161.9 x 649.9 x 295.0 cm
 Pregnant woman 2002 252.0 x 73.0 x 68.9 cm

Humanism is a system of thought that considers human beings, rather than the church, as able to decide their own morals, truths and behaviours. “Humanism is a progressive philosophy of life that, without supernaturalism, affirms our ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives of personal fulfillment that aspire to the greater good of humanity.”  (“Humanist Manifesto III”, 2003) An example of Humanism can be seen in the work titled Pregnant Woman. It’s more than 8 feet high. At this size, it is hallucinatory- the human form stretched larger than seems humanly possible. Pregnant woman has been called a modern Mary, a contemporary earth mother and a ‘hymn to the beauty of life-giving’. (Amor, P., Trudgeon, M. & Cradwick, C. ,2010) It’s a beautiful period when women are pregnant. It shows the power of feminality. This work also reminds me of Jan van Eyck’s The Anolfini Portrait. The woman with the face of Mary who looks like she is pregnant. 

In his work, Mueck has dealt with the full cycle of life such as birth, infancy, youth, adolescence, sexual maturity, middle-age, old age and death. (Hartley, 2006)  

 
The sculpture Two Women consists of two elderly women engaging in gossip.  They are whisper to each other and from their sideways glances and conspiratorial expressions we can see they are not entirely benign. Maybe they are talking something bad about their neighbor or they want to see someting bad happen to someone else. There are not sweet, little old ladies but potential mischief-makers. (Hartley, 2006)


References:

Amor, P., Trudgeon, M. & Cradwick, C. (Ed.).(2010). Ron Mueck. Victoria, Australia: National Gallery of Victoria.

Hartley, K. (2006). Ron Mueck. Edinburgh, UK: National Galleries of Scotland. 

Landi, A. (2009). Ron Mueck: Beyond The Movies. Sculpture Review 58(3),  24-31.

Pescovitz, D. (2010) Ron Mueck's Hyperreal Giants. Retrieved January 22, 2010,


Humanist Manifesto III (2003)

Tuesday, 15 March 2011

Barbara Kruger & Mercantillism

I shop therefore I am (1987) Barbara Kruger
Face It (Green) 2007 Barbara Kruger

Both of Barbara Krugers’ works are quite simple. However, the impact comes from the aggressive words. She uses words such as ‘I’ and ‘you’. This generally makes the viewer reflect on themselves. “Kruger's colors are nearly always absolute black, white and red--perennial propagandists' favorites.” (Plagen, P, 1999.)

Barbara is from America, where they have different levels of society. The first work is “a statement against American consumerism”. (Sheela, 2009.)  Barbara used a black and white photo of a child’s hand holding a red sign framed in a red box which giving you a very strong statement. The statement makes the viewer stop and think what the message might be. “I shop therefore I am” means a person is defined by what they own. This statement is about consumerism.

The second work is also about consumerism and desire. The desire comes from wanting to make yourself rich or beautiful through possessing a material item, when in fact you may not be either.

If both works reached the correct audience, such as being printed in an upper-class magazine, then yes, it would have been effective. The first work makes you want to own something that will directly reflect you. You may want to make a statement through this purchase. The second work has a nice piece of shiny fabric. This means owning something luxurious doesn’t make you a nice person.

The mercantilism concept is over 200 years old. The focus was on making the country rich. The best example I can find is from the Investopedia website: “The main goal was to increase a nation's wealth by imposing government regulation concerning all of the nation's commercial interests. It was believed that national strength could be maximized by limiting imports via tariffs and maximizing exports.”  (Mercantilism, n.d.) This means locally produced items were protected by enforcing tariffs on imports and relaxing them on exports. The first work connects with this concept by saying buy New Zealand made products, because you are from New Zealand. The second work has a similar idea to the first. Generally, a luxurious item is expensive and might come from France or Italy, whereas a beautiful item from New Zealand will have a fair price tag on it.




   
    photographs by jesse david harris


Between being born and dying (2009). This installation was displayed at the Lever House Art Collection in New York. This is very different from her previous work, because this is 3D and the viewer can walk inside the work. The writing attempts to bring back memories from peoples live. She uses black-and-white text questions to ask the audience about power, gender roles, social relationships, political issues, consumerism, and individual autonomy and desire.

I think this work is incredible because everybody who reads it will relate to an individual experience from the past. For example "Plenty should be enough," tells me not to be too greedy, I should cherish what I have now.  "In violence we forget who we are" (a quote from Mary McCarthy) brings em the memory when I had a fight with my boyfriend and I was so angry and mad. I threw anything I could reach at him. That's not me. “A rich man’s jokes are always funny.” This might bring back memories from your first job, when the boss told a joke, that was not funny, but you felt you had to laugh, because he was buying you lunch today or paying your wages tomorrow.

References

Barbara kruger: between being born and dying. (2009).

Barbara Kruger The Art History Archive- Feminist Art. (n.d.) 
      from http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/feminist/Barbara-Kruger.html

Mercantilism. (n.d.)

Plagen, P. (1999, October 25). Working with words, Newsweek, p.85

Sheela, R. (2009) Barbara Kruger’s “I shop therefore I am”. Retrieved September 14, 2009,